DIY Variable Charger/PSU for 6V/9V/12V Lead Acid Battery/18650 Battery Peak

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Batteries are the lifeblood of many electronic devices, and having a reliable and flexible charger/power supply unit (PSU) is crucial. In this DIY guide, we will walk you through the process of creating a variable charger/PSU that can handle both 6V/9V/12V lead acid batteries and 18650 lithium-ion batteries using a buck converter module, diode, capacitor, and more. This project is perfect for electronics enthusiasts who want to enhance their battery charging capabilities.

Materials Needed:

1. Buck Converter Module

2. Diode (1N4007)

3. Electrolytic Capacitors (100uF and 1000uF)

4. Voltage Display Module

5. Connecting Wires

6. Soldering Iron and Solder

7. Power Source (12V DC) Transformer

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Gather Your Materials:

Make sure you have all the required materials listed above before starting the project.

2. Safety Precautions:

Before you begin, ensure that you are working in a well-ventilated area and follow proper safety protocols when soldering and handling electronic components.

3. Circuit Connection:

Connect the input terminals of the buck converter module to the power source (12V DC). Connect the output terminals of the buck converter module to the positive and negative rails on a breadboard.

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Buck Converter:

This is LM2596 2A Buck Step-down Power Converter Module DC 4 ~ 40 to 1.3 ~ 37V, it comes with a built-in voltmeter display and uses an advanced microcontroller.

Together with its high-precision multi-turn potentiometer, this means any desired output voltage within its supply range can be set without the need for an external voltage meter. The module also boasts a very high operating range with a DC input supply range of 4 ~ 40V and an adjustable output range of 1.3 ~ 37V.

Features

Input voltage range:4 40VDC
Output voltage range:1.25-37VDC adjustable
Output current:2A
voltmeter range: 0 to 40V, error 0.1V
Input reverse polarity protection
Built-in output short protection function
Built-in thermal shutdown function
L x W x H =6.1*3.4*12 cm
Weight: 22g
LED digital voltmeter tube, the accuracy is the adjustable function, can be aimed at your multimeter adjustable accuracy.
Press the right key to let the display show the input or output voltage. when the right OUT led light, it shows output and the left IN led shows input.

4. Diode Connection:

Connect the anode (the end with a white band) of the diode (1N4007) to the positive rail of the breadboard.

Connect the cathode (opposite end of the white band) of the diode to the positive terminal of the buck converter module's output.

5. Capacitor Placement:

Connect the negative terminal of the 100uF electrolytic capacitor to the negative rail of the breadboard.

Connect the positive terminal of the 100uF capacitor to the positive terminal of the buck converter module's output.

Connect the negative terminal of the 1000uF capacitor to the negative terminal of the 100uF capacitor.

Connect the positive terminal of the 1000uF capacitor to the common positive rail on the breadboard.

6. Voltage Display and Selector Switch:

Connect the voltage display module to the output of the buck converter module. This will allow you to monitor the selected voltage.

Connect the voltage selector switch to the input of the buck converter module. This will let you choose between 6V, 9V, and 12V outputs.

7. Final Checks: Double-check all your connections to ensure they are correct and secure. Inspect for any loose wires, solder joints, or potential short circuits.

8. Testing:

Connect a 6V, 9V, or 12V lead acid battery or an 18650 lithium-ion battery to the output terminals.

Use the voltage selector switch to choose the desired output voltage.

Observe the voltage display module to monitor the selected voltage.

Make sure the charger/PSU is functioning as expected and providing the correct output voltage.

9. Optional: Heat Sink Installation If the buck converter module tends to heat up during prolonged use, you can attach a heat sink to it for better heat dissipation.

Reference Video:

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Conclusion: Congratulations! You've successfully built a versatile DIY variable charger/PSU capable of charging both 6V/9V/12V lead acid batteries and 18650 lithium-ion batteries. This project combines electronics, soldering skills, and creativity to provide a useful tool for your electronic projects. Always exercise caution when working with electricity, and feel free to customize the design further to suit your specific needs. Happy tinkering!